Accessibility and Phenomenality: Remarks on Solving Molyneux’s Question Empirically.

Juan R Loaiza

doi:10.28970/hh.2019.2.a3

Artículos de investigación

Accesibilidad y fenomenalidad: Reflexiones acerca de una solución empírica a la pregunta de Molyneux

Autores/as

Juan R Loaiza Universidad del Rosario ,

En el siglo XVII, William Moleyneux le pregunta a John Locke si una persona quien acaba de adquirir la visión estaría en capacidad de distinguir con certeza un cubo de una esfera sin utilizar el tacto. Aunque esta pregunta parece fácilmente comprobable, responderla no es tan sencillo. En este artículo, ilustro esta pregunta y sostengo que ciertas distinciones acerca del concepto de la conciencia son importantes para encontrar una solución empírica. Primero, describiré la pregunta de Molyneux tal como es enuncia¬da por éste y haré unos breves comentarios acerca de los debates tempranos entorno a la cuestión. En un segundo momento, reconstruiré algunos intentos de responder la pregunta empíricamente, incluyendo algunos experimentos neurocientíficos. Tercero, introduciré algunas distinciones acerca de la conciencia y en luego las aplicaré al caso de Molyneux. Finalmente, consideraré brevemente algunas consecuencias de esta aproximación. Concluyo sugiriendo que la investigación debería estar atenta a los diferentes sentidos en los que pregunta de Molyneux podría plantearse para fines empíricos.

Palabras clave:

percepción visual, percepción táctil, modalidades, fenomenología, consciencia

Berkeley, G. (2008 [1709]). An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision. In D. Clarke (Ed.), Philosophical Writings (pp. 1-66). Cambridge University Press.

Block, N. (2002). Concepts of Consciousness. In D. J. Chalmers (Ed.), Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings (pp. 206-218). Oxford University Press.

Block, N. (2007). Consciousness, Accessibility, and the Mesh Between Psychology and Neuroscience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30(5-6), 481-499. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X07002786

Chalmers, D. J. (1996). The Conscious Mind. Oxford University Press.

Cheselden, W. (1727). An Account of Some Observations Made by a Young Gen¬tleman, Who Was Born Blind, or Lost His Sight so Early, That He Had no Re¬membrance of Ever Having Seen, and Was Couch'd between 13 and 14 Years of Age. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 35, 447-450. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1727.0038

Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Le Clec'H, G., Koechlin, E., Mueller, M., De¬haene-Lambertz, G., Van de Moortele, P. F. & Le Bihan, D. (1998). Imag¬ing Unconscious Semantic Priming. Nature, 395(6702), 597-600. https://doi.org/10.1038/26967

Degenaar, M.J.L. (1996). Molyneux's Problem: Three Centuries of Discussion on the Perception of Forms. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Evans, G. (1985). Molyneux's Question. In Collected papers (pp. 364-399). Oxford University Press.

Fine, I., Wade, A. R., Brewer, A. A., May, M. G., Goodman, D. F., Boynton, G. M., Wandell, B. A. & MacLeod, D. I. A. (2003). Long-term Deprivation Affects Visual Perception and Cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 6(9), 915-916. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1102

Fodor, J. A. (1998). Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong. Oxford Uni¬versity Press.

Gallagher, S. (2005). Neurons and Neonates: Reflections on the Molyneux Prob¬lem. In How the Body Shapes the Mind (pp. 153-172). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199271941.003.0008

Gibson, J. J. (1986). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Psychology Press.

Goodale, M. A. & Milner, A. D. (1992). Separate Visual Pathways for Perception and Action. Trends in Neurosciences, 15(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(92)90344-8

Held, R., Ostrovsky, Y., de Gelder, B., Gandhi, T., Ganesh, S., Mathur, U. & Sinha, P. (2011). The Newly

Sighted Fail to Match Seen with Felt. Nature Neurosci¬ence, 14, 551-553. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2795

Huber, E., Webster, J. M., Brewer, A. A., MacLeod, D. I. A., Wandell, B. A., Boyn¬ton, G. M., Wade, A. R. & Fine, I. (2015). A Lack of Experience-Dependent Plasticity After More Than a Decade of Recovered Sight. Psychological Science, 26(4), 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614563957

Lamme, V. A. F. (2003). Why Visual Attention and Awareness are Different. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)00013-X

Loaiza, J. R. (2017). Molyneux's Question in Berkeley's Theory of Vision. THE¬ORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science, 32(2), 231. https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.15984

Locke, J. (1689). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Hayes Barton Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00018020

Milner, A. D. & Goodale, M. A. (2008). Two Visual Systems Re-viewed. Neuropsycho¬logia, 46(3), 774-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.005

Muehlmann, R. (2008). Strong and Weak Heterogeneity in Berkeley's New Theory of Vision. In S. H. Daniel (Ed.), New Interpretations of Berkeley's Thought (pp. 121-144). Humanity Books.

Nagel, T. (1974). What Is It Like to Be a Bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914

Pauen, M. (2015). The Functional Mapping Hypothesis. Topoi, 36, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-015-9302-y

Putnam, H. (2015). Perceptual Transparency and Sinha's Observations. http://put-namphil.blogspot.de/2015/01/perceptual-transparency-and-sinhas.html

Renier, L., De Volder, A. G. & Rauschecker, J. P. (2013). Cortical Plasticity and Preserved Function in Early Blindness. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 41, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.025

Sacks, O. (1995). To See and not to See. In An anthropologist on Mars (pp. 102-144). Picador.

Schwenkler, J. (2012). On the Matching of Seen and Felt Shape by Newly Sighted Subjects. I-Perception, 3, 186-189. https://doi.org/10.1068/i0525ic

Sperling, G. (1960). The Information Available in Brief Visual Presentations. Psycho¬logical Monographs: General and Applied, 74(11), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093759

Wilson, M. D. (1999). The Issue of "Common Sensibles" in Berkeley's New Theory of Vision. In Ideas and Mechanism: Essays on early modern philosophy (pp. 257-275). Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400864980.257

Accesibilidad y fenomenalidad: Reflexiones acerca de una solución empírica a la pregunta de Molyneux. (2020). Humanitas Hodie, 2(2), h223. https://doi.org/10.28970/hh.2019.2.a3

Descargar cita

PDF

HTML

Número

Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2019)

Publicado

2020-11-17

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Cómo citar

Accesibilidad y fenomenalidad: Reflexiones acerca de una solución empírica a la pregunta de Molyneux. (2020). Humanitas Hodie, 2(2), h223. https://doi.org/10.28970/hh.2019.2.a3

Descargar cita